sin, sinf, sinl

 

C

Language

headers

Type support

Dynamic memory management

Error handling

Program utilities

Variadic function support

Date and time utilities

Strings library

Algorithms

Numerics

Input/output support

Localization support

Thread support (C11)

Atomic operations (C11)

Technical Specifications

 

Numerics

Common mathematical functions

Floating-point environment

Complex number arithmetics

Random number generation

Type-generic math

 

Common mathematical functions

Functions
Basic operations
abslabsllabsimaxabs (C99) fabs divldivlldivimaxdiv (C99) fmod	remainder (C99) remquo (C99) fma (C99) fmax (C99) fmin (C99) fdim (C99) nannanfnanl (C99)(C99)(C99)
Exponential functions
exp exp2 (C99) expm1 (C99)	log log10 log1p (C99) log2 (C99)
Power functions
sqrt cbrt (C99)	hypot (C99) pow
Trigonometric and hyperbolic functions
sin cos tan asin acos atan atan2	sinh cosh tanh asinh (C99) acosh (C99) atanh (C99)
Error and gamma functions
erf (C99) erfc (C99)	lgamma (C99) tgamma (C99)
Nearest integer floating point operations
ceil floor roundlroundllround (C99)(C99)(C99)	trunc (C99) nearbyint (C99) rintlrintllrint (C99)(C99)(C99)
Floating point manipulation functions
ldexp scalbnscalbln (C99)(C99) ilogb (C99) logb (C99)	frexp modf nextafternexttoward (C99)(C99) copysign (C99)
Classification
fpclassify (C99) isfinite (C99) isinf (C99) isnan (C99) isnormal (C99) signbit (C99)	isgreater (C99) isgreaterequal (C99) isless (C99) islessequal (C99) islessgreater (C99) isunordered (C99)
Macro constants
HUGE_VALFHUGE_VALHUGE_VALL (C99)(C99)	FP_NORMALFP_SUBNORMALFP_ZEROFP_INFINITEFP_NAN (C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)

 

Defined in header <math.h>
float       sinf( float arg );	(1)	(since C99)
double      sin( double arg );	(2)
long double sinl( long double arg );	(3)	(since C99)
Defined in header <tgmath.h>
#define sin( arg )	(4)	(since C99)

1-3) Computes the sine of arg (measured in radians).

4) Type-generic macro: If the argument has type long double, sinl is called. Otherwise, if the argument has integer type or the type double, sin is called. Otherwise, sinf is called. If the argument is complex, then the macro invokes the corresponding complex function (csinf, csin, csinl).

Parameters

arg

-

floating point value representing an angle in radians

Return value

If no errors occur, the sine of arg (sin(arg)) in the range [-1 ; +1], is returned.

The result may have little or no significance if the magnitude of arg is large.

(until C99)

If a domain error occurs, an implementation-defined value is returned (NaN where supported).

If a range error occurs due to underflow, the correct result (after rounding) is returned.

Error handling

Errors are reported as specified in math_errhandling.

If the implementation supports IEEE floating-point arithmetic (IEC 60559),

• if the argument is ±0, it is returned unmodified
• if the argument is ±∞, NaN is returned and FE_INVALID is raised
• if the argument is NaN, NaN is returned

Notes

The case where the argument is infinite is not specified to be a domain error in C, but it is defined as a domain error in POSIX.

POSIX also specifies that in case of underflow, arg is returned unmodified, and if that is not supported, an implementation-defined value no greater than DBL_MIN, FLT_MIN, and LDBL_MIN is returned.

Example

Run this code

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fenv.h>
 
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
int main(void)
{
    double pi = acos(-1);
    // typical usage
    printf("sin(pi/6) = %f\n", sin(pi/6));
    printf("sin(pi/2) = %f\n", sin(pi/2));
    printf("sin(-3*pi/4) = %f\n", sin(-3*pi/4));
    // special values
    printf("sin(+0) = %f\n", sin(0.0));
    printf("sin(-0) = %f\n", sin(-0.0));
    // error handling 
    feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
    printf("sin(INFINITY) = %f\n", sin(INFINITY));
    if(fetestexcept(FE_INVALID)) puts("    FE_INVALID raised");
}

Possible output:

sin(pi/6) = 0.500000
sin(pi/2) = 1.000000
sin(-3*pi/4) = -0.707107
sin(+0) = 0.000000
sin(-0) = -0.000000
sin(INFINITY) = -nan
    FE_INVALID raised

References

• C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):

• 7.12.4.6 The sin functions (p: 239-240)

• 7.25 Type-generic math <tgmath.h> (p: 373-375)

• F.10.1.6 The sin functions (p: 519)

• C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):

• 7.12.4.6 The sin functions (p: 220)

• 7.22 Type-generic math <tgmath.h> (p: 335-337)

• F.9.1.6 The sin functions (p: 456)

• C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):

• 4.5.2.6 The sin function

See also

coscosfcosl (C99)(C99)	computes cosine (cos(x)) (function)
tantanftanl (C99)(C99)	computes tangent (tan(x)) (function)
asinasinfasinl (C99)(C99)	computes arc sine (arcsin(x)) (function)
csincsinfcsinl (C99)(C99)(C99)	computes the complex sine (function)
C++ documentation for sin