round, roundf, roundl, lround, lroundf, lroundl, llround, llroundf, llroundl

 

C

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headers

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Error handling

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Variadic function support

Date and time utilities

Strings library

Algorithms

Numerics

Input/output support

Localization support

Thread support (C11)

Atomic operations (C11)

Technical Specifications

 

Numerics

Common mathematical functions

Floating-point environment

Complex number arithmetics

Random number generation

Type-generic math

 

Common mathematical functions

Functions
Basic operations
abslabsllabsimaxabs (C99) fabs divldivlldivimaxdiv (C99) fmod	remainder (C99) remquo (C99) fma (C99) fmax (C99) fmin (C99) fdim (C99) nannanfnanl (C99)(C99)(C99)
Exponential functions
exp exp2 (C99) expm1 (C99)	log log10 log1p (C99) log2 (C99)
Power functions
sqrt cbrt (C99)	hypot (C99) pow
Trigonometric and hyperbolic functions
sin cos tan asin acos atan atan2	sinh cosh tanh asinh (C99) acosh (C99) atanh (C99)
Error and gamma functions
erf (C99) erfc (C99)	lgamma (C99) tgamma (C99)
Nearest integer floating point operations
ceil floor roundlroundllround (C99)(C99)(C99)	trunc (C99) nearbyint (C99) rintlrintllrint (C99)(C99)(C99)
Floating point manipulation functions
ldexp scalbnscalbln (C99)(C99) ilogb (C99) logb (C99)	frexp modf nextafternexttoward (C99)(C99) copysign (C99)
Classification
fpclassify (C99) isfinite (C99) isinf (C99) isnan (C99) isnormal (C99) signbit (C99)	isgreater (C99) isgreaterequal (C99) isless (C99) islessequal (C99) islessgreater (C99) isunordered (C99)
Macro constants
HUGE_VALFHUGE_VALHUGE_VALL (C99)(C99)	FP_NORMALFP_SUBNORMALFP_ZEROFP_INFINITEFP_NAN (C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)

 

Defined in header <math.h>
float       roundf( float arg );	(1)	(since C99)
double      round( double arg );	(2)	(since C99)
long double roundl( long double arg );	(3)	(since C99)
Defined in header <tgmath.h>
#define round( arg )	(4)	(since C99)
Defined in header <math.h>
long      lroundf( float arg );	(5)	(since C99)
long      lround( double arg );	(6)	(since C99)
long      lroundl( long double arg );	(7)	(since C99)
Defined in header <tgmath.h>
#define lround( arg )	(8)	(since C99)
Defined in header <math.h>
long long llroundf( float arg );	(9)	(since C99)
long long llround( double arg );	(10)	(since C99)
long long llroundl( long double arg );	(11)	(since C99)
Defined in header <tgmath.h>
#define llround( arg )	(12)	(since C99)

1-3) Computes the nearest integer value to arg (in floating-point format), rounding halfway cases away from zero, regardless of the current rounding mode.

5-7, 9-11) Computes the nearest integer value to arg (in integer format), rounding halfway cases away from zero, regardless of the current rounding mode.

4,8,12) Type-generic macros: If arg has type long double, roundl, lroundl, llroundl is called. Otherwise, if arg has integer type or the type double, round, lround, llround is called. Otherwise, roundf, lroundf, llroundf is called, respectively.

Parameters

arg

-

floating point value

Return value

If no errors occur, the nearest integer value to arg, rounding halfway cases away from zero, is returned.

Return value

Argument

If a domain error occurs, an implementation-defined value is returned.

Error handling

Errors are reported as specified in math_errhandling.

If the result of lround or llround is outside the range representable by the return type, a domain error or a range error may occur.

If the implementation supports IEEE floating-point arithmetic (IEC 60559),

For the round, roundf, and roundl function:

• The current rounding mode has no effect.
• If arg is ±∞, it is returned, unmodified
• If arg is ±0, it is returned, unmodified
• If arg is NaN, NaN is returned

For lround and llround families of functions:

• FE_INEXACT is never raised
• The current rounding mode has no effect.
• If arg is ±∞, FE_INVALID is raised and an implementation-defined value is returned
• If the result of the rounding is outside the range of the return type, FE_INVALID is raised and an implementation-defined value is returned
• If arg is NaN, FE_INVALID is raised and an implementation-defined value is returned

Notes

FE_INEXACT may be (but isn't required to be) raised by round when rounding a non-integer finite value.

The largest representable floating-point values are exact integers in all standard floating-point formats, so round never overflows on its own; however the result may overflow any integer type (including intmax_t), when stored in an integer variable.

POSIX specifies that all cases where lround or llround raise FE_INEXACT are domain errors.

The double version of round behaves as if implemented as follows:

#include <math.h>
#include <fenv.h>
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
double round(double x)
{
    fenv_t save_env;
    feholdexcept(&save_env);
    double result = rint(x);
    if (fetestexcept(FE_INEXACT)) {
        fesetround(FE_TOWARDZERO);
        result = rint(copysign(0.5 + fabs(x), x));
    }
    feupdateenv(&save_env);
    return result;
}

Example

Run this code

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <fenv.h>
#include <limits.h>
 
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
 
int main(void)
{
    // round
    printf("round(+2.3) = %+.1f  ", round(2.3));
    printf("round(+2.5) = %+.1f  ", round(2.5));
    printf("round(+2.7) = %+.1f\n", round(2.7));
    printf("round(-2.3) = %+.1f  ", round(-2.3));
    printf("round(-2.5) = %+.1f  ", round(-2.5));
    printf("round(-2.7) = %+.1f\n", round(-2.7));
 
    printf("round(-0.0) = %+.1f\n", round(-0.0));
    printf("round(-Inf) = %+f\n",   round(-INFINITY));
 
    // lround
    printf("lround(+2.3) = %ld  ", lround(2.3));
    printf("lround(+2.5) = %ld  ", lround(2.5));
    printf("lround(+2.7) = %ld\n", lround(2.7));
    printf("lround(-2.3) = %ld  ", lround(-2.3));
    printf("lround(-2.5) = %ld  ", lround(-2.5));
    printf("lround(-2.7) = %ld\n", lround(-2.7));
 
    printf("lround(-0.0) = %ld\n", lround(-0.0));
    printf("lround(-Inf) = %ld\n", lround(-INFINITY)); // FE_INVALID raised
 
    // error handling
    feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
    printf("lround(LONG_MAX+1.5) = %ld\n", lround(LONG_MAX+1.5));
    if(fetestexcept(FE_INVALID)) puts("    FE_INVALID was raised");
}

Possible output:

round(+2.3) = +2.0  round(+2.5) = +3.0  round(+2.7) = +3.0
round(-2.3) = -2.0  round(-2.5) = -3.0  round(-2.7) = -3.0
round(-0.0) = -0.0
round(-Inf) = -inf
lround(+2.3) = 2  lround(+2.5) = 3  lround(+2.7) = 3
lround(-2.3) = -2  lround(-2.5) = -3  lround(-2.7) = -3
lround(-0.0) = 0
lround(-Inf) = -9223372036854775808
lround(LONG_MAX+1.5) = -9223372036854775808
    FE_INVALID was raised

References

• C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):

• 7.12.9.6 The round functions (p: 253)

• 7.12.9.7 The lround and llround functions (p: 253)

• 7.25 Type-generic math <tgmath.h> (p: 373-375)

• F.10.6.6 The round functions (p: 527)

• F.10.6.7 The lround and llround functions (p: 528)

• C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):

• 7.12.9.6 The round functions (p: 233)

• 7.12.9.7 The lround and llround functions (p: 234)

• 7.22 Type-generic math <tgmath.h> (p: 335-337)

• F.9.6.6 The round functions (p: 464)

• F.9.6.7 The lround and llround functions (p: 464)

See also

floorfloorffloorl (C99)(C99)	computes largest integer not greater than the given value (function)
ceilceilfceill (C99)(C99)	computes smallest integer not less than the given value (function)
trunctruncftruncl (C99)(C99)(C99)	rounds to nearest integer not greater in magnitude than the given value (function)
C++ documentation for round