expm1, expm1f, expm1l

 

C

Language

headers

Type support

Dynamic memory management

Error handling

Program utilities

Variadic function support

Date and time utilities

Strings library

Algorithms

Numerics

Input/output support

Localization support

Thread support (C11)

Atomic operations (C11)

Technical Specifications

 

Numerics

Common mathematical functions

Floating-point environment

Complex number arithmetics

Random number generation

Type-generic math

 

Common mathematical functions

Functions
Basic operations
abslabsllabsimaxabs (C99) fabs divldivlldivimaxdiv (C99) fmod	remainder (C99) remquo (C99) fma (C99) fmax (C99) fmin (C99) fdim (C99) nannanfnanl (C99)(C99)(C99)
Exponential functions
exp exp2 (C99) expm1 (C99)	log log10 log1p (C99) log2 (C99)
Power functions
sqrt cbrt (C99)	hypot (C99) pow
Trigonometric and hyperbolic functions
sin cos tan asin acos atan atan2	sinh cosh tanh asinh (C99) acosh (C99) atanh (C99)
Error and gamma functions
erf (C99) erfc (C99)	lgamma (C99) tgamma (C99)
Nearest integer floating point operations
ceil floor roundlroundllround (C99)(C99)(C99)	trunc (C99) nearbyint (C99) rintlrintllrint (C99)(C99)(C99)
Floating point manipulation functions
ldexp scalbnscalbln (C99)(C99) ilogb (C99) logb (C99)	frexp modf nextafternexttoward (C99)(C99) copysign (C99)
Classification
fpclassify (C99) isfinite (C99) isinf (C99) isnan (C99) isnormal (C99) signbit (C99)	isgreater (C99) isgreaterequal (C99) isless (C99) islessequal (C99) islessgreater (C99) isunordered (C99)
Macro constants
HUGE_VALFHUGE_VALHUGE_VALL (C99)(C99)	FP_NORMALFP_SUBNORMALFP_ZEROFP_INFINITEFP_NAN (C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)

 

Defined in header <math.h>
float       expm1f( float arg );	(1)	(since C99)
double      expm1( double arg );	(2)	(since C99)
long double expm1l( long double arg );	(3)	(since C99)
Defined in header <tgmath.h>
#define expm1( arg )	(4)	(since C99)

1-3) Computes the e (Euler's number, 2.7182818) raised to the given power arg, minus 1.0. This function is more accurate than the expression std::exp(arg)-1.0 if arg is close to zero.

4) Type-generic macro: If arg has type long double, expm1l is called. Otherwise, if arg has integer type or the type double, expm1 is called. Otherwise, expm1f is called.

Parameters

arg

-

floating point value

Return value

If no errors occur earg
-1 is returned.

If a range error due to overflow occurs, +HUGE_VAL, +HUGE_VALF, or +HUGE_VALL is returned.

If a range error occurs due to underflow, the correct result (after rounding) is returned.

Error handling

Errors are reported as specified in math_errhandling.

If the implementation supports IEEE floating-point arithmetic (IEC 60559),

• If the argument is ±0, it is returned, unmodified
• If the argument is -∞, -1 is returned
• If the argument is +∞, +∞ is returned
• If the argument is NaN, NaN is returned

Notes

The functions expm1 and log1p are useful for financial calculations, for example, when calculating small daily interest rates: (1+x)n
-1 can be expressed as expm1(n * log1p(x)). These functions also simplify writing accurate inverse hyperbolic functions.

For IEEE-compatible type double, overflow is guaranteed if 709.8 < arg.

Example

Run this code

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fenv.h>
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
int main(void)
{
    printf("expm1(1) = %f\n", expm1(1));
    printf("Interest earned in 2 days on $100, compounded daily at 1%%\n"
           " on a 30/360 calendar = %f\n",
           100*expm1(2*log1p(0.01/360)));
    printf("exp(1e-16)-1 = %g, but expm1(1e-16) = %g\n",
           exp(1e-16)-1, expm1(1e-16));
    // special values
    printf("expm1(-0) = %f\n", expm1(-0.0));
    printf("expm1(-Inf) = %f\n", expm1(-INFINITY));
    //error handling
    errno = 0; feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
    printf("expm1(710) = %f\n", expm1(710));
    if(errno == ERANGE) perror("    errno == ERANGE");
    if(fetestexcept(FE_OVERFLOW)) puts("    FE_OVERFLOW raised");
}

Possible output:

expm1(1) = 1.718282
Interest earned in 2 days on $100, compounded daily at 1%
 on a 30/360 calendar = 0.005556
exp(1e-16)-1 = 0, but expm1(1e-16) = 1e-16
expm1(-0) = -0.000000
expm1(-Inf) = -1.000000
expm1(710) = inf
    errno == ERANGE: Result too large
    FE_OVERFLOW raised

References

• C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):

• 7.12.6.3 The expm1 functions (p: 243)

• 7.25 Type-generic math <tgmath.h> (p: 373-375)

• F.10.3.3 The expm1 functions (p: 521)

• C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):

• 7.12.6.3 The expm1 functions (p: 223-224)

• 7.22 Type-generic math <tgmath.h> (p: 335-337)

• F.9.3.3 The expm1 functions (p: 458)

See also

expexpfexpl (C99)(C99)	computes e raised to the given power (ex) (function)
exp2exp2fexp2l (C99)(C99)(C99)	computes 2 raised to the given power (2x) (function)
log1plog1pflog1pl (C99)(C99)(C99)	computes natural (base-e) logarithm of 1 plus the given number (ln(1+x)) (function)
C++ documentation for expm1