2The subjectivity and contextuality of perception is actually quite complex and creates many further possibilities of reducing the term being considered here. Logically, we might also try to increase the perceived obtained reward independently of the actual reward obtained. This should be possible by somehow learning to better appreciate the rewards obtained, such as by a feeling of gratitude or appreciation, as briefly discussed in Chapter 18 Likewise, it might be possible to reduce the perceived reward loss even if the actual perception of the reward and the expected reward are unchanged. Seeing the reward loss as a useful learning signal might work in that direction, but I will not pursue that possibility any further.