⁵Selected dictionary definitions of threat include “the possibility that something unwanted will happen” (Cambridge Dictionary), and “an indication or warning of probable trouble” (Dictionary.com), both of which indicate uncertainty (with my italics). In psychological literature, a similar definition as “anticipation of potential harm” was proposed by Palmwood and McBride (2019) based on Folkman and Lazarus. While the concept of threat is widely used in the biological and psychological literature, explicit definitions are actually not easy to find. Biologically oriented literature often considers it very specifically in the context of biological survival when attacked by a predator (Mobbs et al., 2020). A general psychological framework postulating that “threat is the experience of discrepancy between the situation, a personal current cognitive focus, or current personal motives” is reviewed by Reiss et al. (2021).