²¹Related models consider how mindfulness meditation helps in addiction (Brewer et al., 2014; Garland et al., 2014). In particular, Brewer et al. (2014) proposes several mechanisms describing how mindfulness meditation can “de-automate” the dynamics, including learning to simply observe aversive states without reacting to them and taking them less “personally” , while becoming “more aware of habit-linked, minimally conscious affective states and bodily sensations”.