²²This interpretation seems to require that the threat is really about self-preservation, which we have narrowly defined from the viewpoint of physical survival, or the very existence of the agent. However, if we extend the concept of self-preservation and threats as in Cassell’s definition of suffering to include preservation of one’s self-image (including in the social context), this logic applies more generally. For example, it explains the situation where you are about to give a public talk to a big audience and that makes you scared.